This book included khomeini s notion of wilayat al faqih governance of the jurist as well as the reasoning and in his view, the necessity of it in running an islamic state. Im going to be refuting this book systematically and show that not only does khomeini have an essential contradiction in his lectures, but that the ayatollah and revolution leader ignores majority of clear texts regarding this, and twists unclear ones in. Ayatollah khomeini expanded the domain of fiqh and sharia to include all political, social, economic, personal, public, cultural, and even the military affairs. Khomeini declared islamic jurists the true holders of not only religious authority but political authority, who must be obeyed as an expression of obedience to god, and whose rule has precedence over all secondary ordinances such as prayer. The second is the duty of the religious scholars the fuqaha to bring about an islamic state. Delivering highquality care to patients of the muslim faith requires an. It was acceptance of his view of women that, despite years of endeavours by imperialisms propaganda organs on one side and the presence of fossilised ideas that appeared in the form of devotion to islam on the other, brought women onto the scene during the islamic. Khomeini declared islamic jurists the true holders of not only religious authority but political authority, who must be obeyed as an expression of obedience to.
The lectures were recorded and transcribed by a student, and then published in book form. Inside iran the structure of power in iran terror and. International affairs department the institute for compilation and publication of imam khomeini s works. This book is distributed under the terms of the creative commons. The evidence that is often conveniently invoked is the concept of islamic government introduced by ayatollah khomeini in the early 1970s in a series of lectures on velayate faqih later published as a book entitled islamic government 1981a. He founded the iri on the basis of the theory of the regency of the jurist wiliayatefaqih, which is partly argued in this work.
Other barriers may be due to the complexity of the health care system and the lack of. This book has expanded my overall understanding of how religion and politics are so intertwined and why turkey and iran are such different governments. On february 1, 1979, the ayatollah khomeini returns to iran in triumph after 15 years of exile. The roots of formation of ayatollah khomeinis political thought. Khomeini ushered in a new form of government anchored by the concept of rule of the islamic jurist. Muslim governments in the indus basin readily extended the dhimmi status to the hindus and buddhists of india. Imam khomeini bibliography of irans islamic revolution. He was thus a mujtahid or faqi, an expert in islamic sharia, and author of more than 40 books on issues of religion and ethics but he is principally. He thought that fiqh had a comprehensive capacity to promote the jurist to the position of an absolute ruler, who. This is why islamic government is the government of the divine law. It is the duty of islamic scholars and all muslims to put an end to this system of oppression and, for the sake of the wellbeing of hundreds of millions of human beings, to overthrow these oppressive governments and form an islamic government. An islamic government is what will allow the continuing activity of the thousands of political centers that have been spawned in mosques and religious communities in order to resist the shahs regime.
Pdf ayatollah khomeini and subject of islamic government. Download kashful asrar by khomeini pdf free backupdashboard. Gods rule is effective among all the people and in the state itself. The politics of iran take place in a framework that officially combines elements of theocracy and presidential democracy. Khomeini islamic government theory appeared in contrary with almost all governmental theories in the history of shia school of thought. It is constitutional in the sense that those in charge of affairs observe a number of conditions and rules underlined in the koran and in the sunna and represented in the necessity of observing the system and of applying the dictates and laws of islam.
He notes that only trained islamic clerics, who are knowledgeable of islamic law may be the top government leaders. The islamic government is the government of the law and god alone is the ruler and the legislator. The shah and his family had fled the country two weeks before. Khomeini and his supporters worked to suppress some former allies and rewrote the proposed constitution. The islamic government is not similar to the well known systems of. Political thought and legacy of ruhollah khomeini wikipedia. Hairi hadith hasan heirs holders of authority husayn imam khomeini imam rida imperialism imperialists implement institutions of islam iran islamic government islamic law jafar jizyah judge jurist justice kharaj khums knowledge kulayni laws of islam leader leadership mashhad. Khomeinism is the founding ideology of the islamic republic of iran. Varying proposals for an islamic caliphate, islamic democracy andor sharia law. The constitution of iran calls for a faqih, or valiye faqih guardian jurist, to serve as the supreme leader of the government. A form of government practised by states which call themselves islamic republics. Ayatollah khomeini islamic government theory appeared in contrary with almost all governmental theories in the history of shi.
His insist over necessity of establishment of islamic government, the role he recognized for the jurists as. Islam is revolutionary in the thoughts of imam khomeini. Wilayat alfaqih and the meaning of islamic government. This book, islamic government, is one of the most influential works of imam khomeini. Cultural competence in the care of muslim patients and their ncbi. Pbuh and his companions for the establishment of the first perfect government structure islamic government bears fruit. The particular form of islamic government of which he was the architect will probably not survive him.
He wished to create an islamic state modeled on the community the prophet established in seventhcentury arabia, a community based on islamic. However, with the passage of time and as we go farther from the time of the departure of the prophet pbuh, the. The idea of guardianship as rule was advanced by the ayatollah ruhollah khomeini in a series of lectures in 1970 and now forms the basis of the constitution of the islamic republic of iran. Imam khomeinis impact on islamic revolution of iran. All individualsthe prophet, his successors and other peoplefollow that islam, which descended through revelation and which god had explained through the quran and. Program for the establishment of an islamic government. Iranian politics government structure, supreme leader. In 1966, while participating in revolutionary activities alongside khomeini, against the shah regime, khamenei took the decision to establish a publishing house to publish revolutionary books that encourage the reexamination of islam as a revolutionary trend against injustice and tyranny. The first is the necessity for the establishment and maintenance of islamic political power for islamic goals, precepts, and criteria. Dhimmi is a historical term referring to nonmuslims living in an islamic state with legal.
The iranian ayatollah ruhollah khomeini indicates in his book islamic government. In a book entitled islamic governance, published in 1970, khomeini. The position of women from the viewpoint of imam khomeini. Ruhollah rouhollah mousavi khomeini was born on 24 september 1902, he is the founder of the islamic republic of iran. The introduction into contemporary politics of a religious dimension challenged contemporary understandings of the human condition in ways that have called into question much of the basic premises of modern secularism. Probably the best known of imam khomeini s works, the book islamic government originated in a series of lectures given at najaf between january 21 and february 8, 1970. Program for the establishment of an islamic government it is our duty to work toward the establishment of an islamic government. On april 1, 1979, the kingdom of iran became the islamic republic of iran after a national referendum. His active opposition to the shah, his theories of islamic governance, and his networking while in exile helped foster the islamic republic in 1979 and earn him the position of irans leader until his death in 1989. Khomeini developed a theory of islamic government that sought to transfer the. The organization of the islamic propagation having a number of 185 topics the ministry of culture and islamic guidance possessing a number of 170 topics and the institute of compilation and publication of works of imam khomeini enclosed 69 topics of books in this regard. The triumph of the islamic revolution of iran in february1979 surprised many observers, and continues to baffle others today. Ruhollah khomeini, iranian shii cleric who led the revolution that overthrew the shah in 1979.
Why sayed qutb inspired irans khomeini and khamenei. The islamic revolution and iran under ayatollah khomeini, 1979 1989 8 president rafsanjani and the era of reconstruction, 1989 1997 9 president khatami and the reform movement, 1997 2005 10 2 politics 15 2. This translation is based on a series of lectures given at najaf between january 21 and february 8, 1970. Velayate faqih, khomeini argued that government should be run in accordance to sharia, or islamic law. The necessity for islamic government islamic government. Like the other works of imam khomeini, the book governance of the. Imam khomeini believes, therefore, that islamic legislative power. It is first and foremost about a movement that aims to give a permanent role in political life to the traditional structures of islamic society. International relations in the making of political islam. He is conservative and known for his populist views. The first activity we must undertake in this respect is the propagation of our case. Islam in transition muslim perspectives second edition. Since islamic government is a government of law, those acquainted with the law, or more precisely, with religioni.
The december 1979 constitution, and its 1989 amendment, define the political, economic, and social order of the islamic republic of iran, declaring that shia islam is irans official religion where around 9095% of. The book hostage to khomeini, written by robert dreyfuss in 1980, explains specifically how the progressive proamerican shah of iran was covertly overthrown in 1979 by the global political elite, being replaced with the brutal ayatollah khomeini who was installed as controlled opposition in order to intentionally wreck progress in the country and drag it back to the dark ages. Revolutionary islam does not accept the taqooti structures nondivine rule and believes that various political, social, economic, and cultural structures must. The lectures were recorded and transcribed by a student, and then published in book form in persian, on which this translation is based. Khomeini explains that an islamic government based upon the doctrines contained in the quran, the hadith, and the sharia, must eventually overthrow any kingoriented or secular government. Today, khomeini s teachings and precedents have evolved into a system of government that combines elements of islamic theocracy with bits of democracy. At the top of irans power structure is the supreme leader, ayatollah ali khamenei, who succeeded ayatollah ruhollah khomeini, the father of the iranian revolution, upon khomeini s death in 1989. Under him, the government closed down newspaper,s banned and censored books and websites, and no longer tolerated the peaceful demonstrations and protests of the khatami era. It is they who supervise all executive and administrative affairs of the country, together with all planning.
Viewpoints of imam khomeini and ayatollah khamenei. Velayate faqihor guardianship of the islamic juristis system of. An important part of the book deals with the difference between an islamic government and other types of governments, pointing out that the islamic government is a special kind of constitutional government that is anchored on the islamic laws. The new theocratic government structure was complex and included a. Khomeini was a marja meaning source of emulation according to traditions of twelver shia islam. Impact of the religious and political ideas of the leader of the 1979 iranian revolution, grand ayatollah ruhollah khomeini include replacing irans millenniaold monarchy with theocracy.
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