Consequently, relevant examples from the economic field will be provided to account for the following types of nonequivalence at word level. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Equivalence and equivalent effect in translation theory essay. This paper will combine the existing translation theories to analyze the reasons causing the nonequivalence from the chineseenglish cultural levels. The objectives of this study are to investigate the problem of nonequivalence at word level found in mathematics bilingual textbook and to investigate the translation strategies used. Therefore, theorists in the field of translation studies are. Graduation thesis strategies to deal with nonequivalence.
Jakobson, on linguistic aspects of translation 1959 in the translation studies reader l. Nonequivalence no direct equivalent in the tl for a sl word, phrase, or idiom cultural nonequivalence situational linguistic nonequivalence grammar, vocabulary, meaning all types of translation involve. As catford states, the central problem of translationpractice is that of finding tl equivalents. Far from being exhaustive, our analysis will focus upon the problems arising from the lack of equivalence at the word level. Equivalence refers to cases where languages describe the same. This study is aimed to identify, classify, and analyze the lexical nonequivalence in the translation of a newspaper article entitled mui rules out fatwa against facebook over cartoon. The scriptures were written mainly in two languages. There are many possible problems of nonequivalence between two languages, here we will address a few that we think might be relevant to the type of translations youll be doing at dcs. To be more specific, equivalence is one of the most important considerations of professional translation agents and freelance translation service experts alike when it comes to localizing a. It also lists the translation difficulties and the accurate strategies that may help students to solve these problems. The comparison of texts in different languages inevitably involves a theory of equivalence. Nonequivalence, then, is a legitimate field of translation theory. Further, nonequivalence in translation is discussed and substantiated by evidence and examples in the process of translating from arabic into.
Baker has listed eight strategies of coping with lack of equivalence at a phrase level. Nonequivalence at word level and somecommon strategies for dealing with it common problems of nonequivalence. Linguistic equivalence in translation one hour translation. There is no onetoone correspondence between orthographic words and elements of meaning within or across languages. Musyoka and others published types of nonequivalence in the k. Strategies in translating collocations in religious texts. Nida states that translation consist of reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalence of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. Nida, who probably has earned the title of the father of dynamic equivalence, though he more recently has chosen to call the process functional equivalence,4 sees hermeneutics as entirely separate from dynamicequivalence translation procedures,5 but does.
Finding translation equivalents is one of the core problems of the translation process. Hopefully, the findings of the research will give ideas to both the translators of legal texts dealing with nonequivalence problems and the teachers of legal english searching for effective terminology teaching strategies as well as willing to use comparative law and translation methodology in. The influence of nonequivalence in englishchinese translation, relative untranslatability may be caused by nonequivalence and how to translate perfectly and natively, is a big challenge to translators. Theorists of translation have studied equivalence in relation to the translation process, namely quantitative and qualitative. English makes frequent use of suffixes such as ish e. Dealing with nonequivalence of legal terminology a. The problem of non equivalence linkedin slideshare. Categories of lukabras nonequivalence at the word level. The notion of equivalence in translation has become a central issue since 1960s. It indicates that there is no equivalence in translation. Equivalence is one of the procedures used in translation.
There are many levels of equivalence, and word level equivalence is the lowest level. Various translations of the same original texts will be. In translation studies, equivalence is an important concept. Introduction this article has taken shape as a result of translation activity when, as. Lexical sets and semantic fields in economic translation.
Nonequivalence in translation can be evidenced through numerous examples in the process of translating from arabic into english. Equivalence and the matter of nonequivalence are considered the major concept in translation. It is considered that equivalence is the most salient feature of a quality of translation nababan. The data were collected from the translation results of the newspaper. Equivalence can be said to be the central issue in translation although its definition, relevance, and applicability within the field of translation theory have caused heated. Nonequivalence at grammatical and word level and the strategies. Equivalence and nonequivalence mata taran andreici west university of timi. This paper examines types of nonequivalences in the kikamba bible translation. Common problems in continuation we will see some common varieties of nonequivalence at word level with examples in english or italian when possible. On strategies of nonequivalence in englishchinese translation. Translation theory equivalence in translation producer. Legal translation is a challenging and complex process.
Nonequivalence, grammatical level, word level, translating, source language sl, target. Newmark in rudi hartono states that translation is rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the. Baker mentions that nonequivalent at word level means that the target language has no direct equivalent for a word which occurs in the source. Most of the set phrases with equivalent meaning and internal form in russian and serbian are found in russian and serbian as cognates. Equivalence versus nonequivalence in economic translation cristina, chifane1 abstract. Legal translators face numerous factors that influence their ability to translate certain terms.
Further, nonequivalence in translation is discussed and substantiated by evidence and examples in the process of translating from arabic into english, a point that. Equivalence and nonequivalence in translation free download as word doc. This concept could be abstract or concrete, it could refer to a. Equivalence is a powerful tool in service of that goal, but it only works when you have a deep, comprehensive understanding of the process. In history, translation has always functioned as a bridge for people who do not know foreign languages to understand the source text. The present paper intends to elaborate on the features and necessity of equivalence in translation. In the present presentation we will discuss the problem of nonequivalence but first we will understand what is equivalence and the difference with nonequivalence which is one of the most common problems in translation, when it happens and what are the most common issues with nonequivalence. As a matter of fact, translators and translation theorists worldwide have long realized the essence of translation as a kind of communication. Graduation thesis strategies to deal with nonequivalence at word.
Translators and researchers search for various translation techniques to deal with. This study was conducted by using descriptive qualitative design. If confined to a written language, translation is a cover term with three distinguishable meanings. But this modified notion of textlevel equivalence has had to come through nonequivalence at the word level. Different views to non equivalence english language essay. The strategies dealing with problems of nonequivalence at. Consequently, in this context, translation means interpretation. This study entails the translation of scientific terms from english into indonesian. Part one is an introductory section that provides some definitions of translation, equivalence and nonequivalence and culture.
For example, the idiom translation, some superficial content can. The purpose of the study is to identify and classify the strategies used by the translator, dealing with the nonequivalence problems at word level which occur in the translation of a novel by stephenie meyer entitled twilight. Baker 1992 has referred to translation strategies as descriptions of handling various types of nonequivalence p. It is one of the main principles of western theory of translation.
Translation equivalence is an important concept of translation theory. Nevertheless, a translator needs to be aware of some strategies which may be used to deal with nonequivalence in certain contexts. Equivalence problems in translation 87 hear with his diminished sense of hearing. The concept of equivalence in translation one hour. Nonequivalence definition and meaning collins english. The course offers a discussion of issues of nonequivalence and untranslatability in translation studies and is addressed to students interested in examining diverse aspects of these theoretical question based on a variety of text types. Information about the openaccess article equivalence versus nonequivalence in economic translation in doaj. Further, nonequivalence in translation is discussed and substantiated by evidence and examples in the process of translating from arabic into english, a point. As a consequence, the nature of nonequivalence, its taxonomy and strategies tackling nonequivalence at word level, the basic unit of meaning, will be clearly clarified in this paper. The translation can be onetoone, onetomany or even onetonone, when a concept cant be translated in the tl. This paper aims at highlighting the fact that equivalence represents a concept worth revisiting and detailing upon when tackling the translation process of economic texts both from english into romanian and from romanian into english.
Nonequivalence at grammatical and word level and the. Kganyago outlines the problems that most translators are faced with on a daily basis when translating because of lack of equivalence and. Nonequivalence in translation university of warsaw. If the meaning is not similar or equal, the translation produces non equivalent meaning. Ibn abbas is nicknamed turjuman alquran meaning the translator of the quran or the interpreter of the quran. According to pym 1992, equivalence is supposed to define translation, and translation, in turn, defines equivalence. It implies that the nature of translation is equivalence. Translation using a loan word or loan word plus explanation 5. Today the scriptures are translated from those languages into hundreds of other tongues. A literal translation is a useless translation you have to understand the meaning behind the words. Strategies for translating nonequivalence at word level. Translation by more neutral less expressive word 3. Translating consists of reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly. Mona baker s on equivalence pages 1 50 text version.
Equivalence definition of equivalence by the free dictionary. Equivalence problems in translation nansy ahmad daoud mosleh alfaori translation department, yarmouk university, irbid, jordan equivalence is an important notion in translation theory. Nonequivalence of serbian and english collocations in literary translation 71 although not as rigid or exact as grammatical rules, the principles of lexical patterning are not flexible either, except in creative language use. Nonequivalence at grammatical and word level and the strategies to deal with. These categories were attributed to the vocabulary differences abstract. The new testaments language was the common greek spoken in the time of christ and his apostles. Even if it may seem an intuitive matter of course, the formation of collocations follows the explicit rules of morphol. Types of nonequivalence in the kikamba bible translation.
Non equivalence, grammatical level, word level, translating, source language sl, target. Non equivalence at scientific terms in mathematics. It must be said that much ink has been devoted to the problem of nonequivalence in translation which shed light on many studies. Translation involves the rendering of a source text message into the target text so as to ensure that the surface meaning of the two is approximately similar and the structures of the source language are preserved as closely as possible in the target text. As translators, we are primarily concerned with communicating the overall meaning of a stretch of. The investigation of equivalence in translation reveals that how translators exactly transfer massage in translation from the source language into target language or vice versa.
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